Distinguishing between Artemisia stolonifera and A. argyi by specific PCR of leaves and non-glandular trichomes / 中国中药杂志

Artemisia stolonifera is a relative of A. argyi. The two species are difficult to be distinguished due to the similarity in leaf shape and have even less distinctive features after processing. This study aims to establish a method to quickly distinguish between them. At the same time, we examined the reasonability and applicability of the specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method. The C/T single nucleotide polymorphism was detected at the position 202 of the sequence, based on which specific primers were designed to identify these two species. The PCR with the specific primer JNC-F and the universal primer ITS3R produced a specific band at 218 bp for A. argyi and no band for A. stolonifera, which can be used to detect at least 3% of A. argyi samples mixed in A. stolonifera samples. The PCR with the specific primer KY-F and the universal primer ITS3R produced a specific band at 218 bp for A. stolonifera and no band for A. argyi, which can be used to detect at least 5% of A. stolonifera samples mixed with A. argyi. The limit of detection of the established method was 5 ng DNA. The established PCR method can accurately distinguish between A. stolonifera and A. argyi, which provides an experimental basis for the quality control of A. stolonifera and determines whether the herbs are adulterated.

Hypoxia promotes differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into embryoid bodies in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate effects of physiological hypoxic conditions on suspension and adherence of embryoid bodies (EBs) during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#EBs in suspension culture were divided into normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) groups, and those in adherent culture were divided into normoxic, hypoxic and hypoxia + HIF-1α inhibitor (echinomycin) groups. After characterization of the pluripotency with immunofluorescence assay, the hiPSCs were digested and suspended under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 5 days, and the formation and morphological changes of the EBs were observed microscopically; the expressions of the markers genes of the 3 germ layers in the EBs were detected. The EBs were then inoculated into petri dishes for further culture in normoxic and hypoxic conditions for another 2 days, after which the adhesion and peripheral expansion rate of the adherent EBs were observed; the changes in the expressions of HIF-1α, β-catenin and VEGFA were detected in response to hypoxic culture and echinomycin treatment.@*RESULTS@#The EBs cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions were all capable of differentiation into the 3 germ layers. The EBs cultured in hypoxic conditions showed reduced apoptotic debris around them with earlier appearance of cystic EBs and more uniform sizes as compared with those in normoxic culture. Hypoxic culture induced more adherent EBs than normoxic culture (P < 0.05) with also a greater outgrowth rate of the adherent EBs (P < 0.05). The EBs in hypoxic culture showed significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of β-catenin and VEGFA (P < 0.05) and protein expressions of HIF-1 α, β-catenin and VEGFA (P < 0.05), and their protein expresisons levels were significantly lowered after treatment with echinomycin (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Hypoxia can promote the formation and maturation of suspended EBs and enhance their adherence and post-adherent proliferation without affecting their pluripotency for differentiation into all the 3 germ layers. Our results provide preliminary evidence that activation of HIF-1α/β-catenin/VEGFA signaling pathway can enhance the differentiation potential of hiPSCs.

Mechanisms of Ersi Decoction on Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats Induced by Bovine Type Ⅱ Collagen-solution / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe that effect of Ersi decoction on rats with rheumatoid arthritis （RA） induced by using the complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion containing bovine type Ⅱ collagenand and elucidate underlying menchanisms involving to inhibit inflammation and joint synovial angiogenesis. MethodThe rat model of RA was established by immune induction with complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion containing bovine type Ⅱ collagen. All male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， RA model group， methotrexate group（1.0 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose group（30，15，7.0 g·kg-1·d-1）of Ersi decoction， with 8 rats in each group. Except the blank group， rats in the methotrexate group and Ersi decoction groups were given corresponding doses of methotrexate and Ersi decoction after establishment of RA induced by strengthen immunity，respectively，and those in the model group and blank group received normal saline of equivalent volume，once a day for 28 days. After the administration， the degree of joint swelling of rats in each group was analyzed by joint swelling volume and index. The small animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb of rats and hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining to observe the histomorphological changes in joint synovium of rats. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） in in joint synovium. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group demonstrated significant increase in joint swelling volume and index， inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β in serum， the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb， obvious pathological changes in the synovium and the expression of CD31 and VEGFR2 in joint synovium. Medium and high-dose Ersi decoction significantly alleviated the pathological changes of synovium tissue， attenuated joint swelling volume and index and decreased the expression of CD31 and VEGFR2 in joint synovium as compared with the model group. Moreover， high-dose Ersi decoction showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum， and the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb. But medium-dose Ersi decoction only showed lower levels of TNF-α and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint. ConclusionErsi decoction could reduce synovial inflammation and hyperplasia through inhibiting synovial angiogenesis in rats with RA induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen for achieving the effect of reducing RA joint damage， which provides an important reference for anti-RA of Ersi decoction in clinical application.

Oral administration of TRPV4 inhibitor improves atrial calcium handling abnormalities in sterile pericarditis rats / 生理学报

Atrial Ca2+ handling abnormalities, mainly involving the dysfunction of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), play a role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Previously, we found that the expression and function of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) are upregulated in a sterile pericarditis (SP) rat model of AF, and oral administration of TRPV4 inhibitor GSK2193874 alleviates AF in this animal model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral administration of GSK2193874 could alleviate atrial Ca2+ handling abnormalities in SP rats. A SP rat model of AF was established by daubing sterile talcum powder on both atria of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after a pericardiotomy, to simulate the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). On the 3rd postoperative day, Ca2+ signals of atria were collected in isolated perfused hearts by optical mapping. Ca2+ transient duration (CaD), alternan, and the recovery properties of Ca2+ transient (CaT) were quantified and analyzed. GSK2193874 treatment reversed the abnormal prolongation of time to peak (determined mainly by RyR activity) and CaD (determined mainly by SERCA activity), as well as the regional heterogeneity of CaD in SP rats. Furthermore, GSK2193874 treatment relieved alternan in SP rats, and reduced its incidence of discordant alternan (DIS-ALT). More importantly, GSK2193874 treatment prevented the reduction of the S2/S1 CaT ratio (determined mainly by RyR refractoriness) in SP rats, and decreased its regional heterogeneity. Taken together, oral administration of TRPV4 inhibitor alleviates Ca2+ handling abnormalities in SP rats primarily by blocking the TRPV4-Ca2+-RyR pathway, and thus exerts therapeutic effect on POAF.

Effect of intradermal needling combined with oral motor therapy for salivation in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy and simple oral motor therapy on salivation in children with cerebral palsy.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with salivation in cerebral palsy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with intradermal needling (kept for 24 hours each time at Jiache [ST 6], Dicang [ST 4], tongue three needles, etc. ) and oral motor therapy, while the control group was only given oral motor therapy. The intradermal needling was performed 3 times a week, and oral motor therapy was performed 5 times a week, 4 weeks as a course, totally 3 courses of treatment were required. The classification of teacher drooling scale (TDS), drooling severity and Kubota water swallow test, dysphagia disorders survey (DDS) score were compared before treatment and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment in both groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After 8 weeks of treatment in the observation group and after 12 weeks of treatment in the two groups, the classification of TDS and drooling severity were improved (P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the DDS scores of oral period in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 83.3% (25/30), which was higher than 53.3% (16/30) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy can improve salivation symptoms and swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy, the effect is better than oral motor therapy alone, and the effect is earlier.

Evolution of blood lipids and risk factors of dyslipidemia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus who had received first-line antiretroviral regimens for 3 years in Shenzhen / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Lipid abnormalities are prevalent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) and contribute to increasing risk of cardiovascular events. This study aims to investigate the incidence of dyslipidemia and its risk factors in PLWH after receiving different first-line free antiretroviral regimens.@*METHODS@#PLWH who sought care at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2014 to December 2018 were included, and the baseline characteristics and clinical data during the follow-up were collected, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The risk factors of dyslipidemia after antiretroviral therapy were analyzed with the generalized estimating equation model.@*RESULTS@#Among the 7623 PLWH included, the mean levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were 4.23 ± 0.85 mmol/L, 1.27 ± 0.29 mmol/L and 2.54 ± 0.65 mmol/L, respectively, and the median TG was 1.17 (IQR: 0.85-1.68) mmol/L. Compared with that in PLWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) + ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r), zidovudine (AZT) + 3TC + efavirenz (EFV), and AZT + 3TC + LPV/r, the incidence of dyslipidemia was lower in PLWH receiving TDF + 3TC + EFV. In multivariate analysis, we found that the risks of elevations of TG, TC, and LDL-C were higher with TDF + 3TC + LPV/r (TG: odds ratio [OR] = 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55-3.11, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14-1.35, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00-1.12, P = 0.041), AZT + 3TC + EFV (TG: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28-1.55, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.31-1.56, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.25, P < 0.001), and AZT + 3TC + LPV/r (TG: OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.65-3.59, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.96-2.94, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37-1.69, P < 0.001) than with TDF + 3TC + EFV, while treatment with TDF + 3TC + LPV/r was less likely to restore HDL-C levels compared with TDF + 3TC + EFV (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97, P < 0.001). In addition to antiretroviral regimens, antiretroviral therapy duration, older age, overweight, obesity and other traditional factors were also important risk factors for dyslipidemia.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of dyslipidemia varies with different antiretroviral regimens, with TDF + 3TC + EFV having lower risk for dyslipidemia than the other first-line free antiretroviral regimens in China.

Screening Quorum-sensing-associated sRNA and construction of its overexpression and deletion mutant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveQuorum-sensing (QS) and small regulatory RNA (sRNA) play key regulatory roles in many signaling cascades of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To investigate whether sRNA is involved in P. aeruginosa QS system, screening QS system-related sRNA, and to construct sRNA overexpression and deletion strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for further study of sRNA function.MethodsSRNA associated with the QS system was screened by qPCR and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The target gene were amplified by PCR and inserted into the overexpression vector pROp200 or the homologous recombination vector pGSM-MR, respectively. The connection reaction solution of pROp200-sRNA and pGSM-ΔsRNA was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5a and SM10lp, respectively. The recombinant vectors were identified by PCR. The pROp200-sRNA was transformed into PAO1 by heat shock method, and the pGSM-ΔsRNA was transferred from SM10lp to PAO1 by conjugation. SRNA overexpression and deletion strains were identified by PCR, DNA sequencing and qPCR, the determination of the growth curves and the pyocyanin levels of strains.ResultsFive QS -associated sRNA P26, P5316.1, P30, P34 and AmiL were successfully screened by RNA-seq and qPCR. PCR, DNA sequencing and qPCR showed that sRNA of AmiL, P30 and P34 overexpression and knockout were successful. Compared with wild-type strain, sRNA overexpression and knockout had no significant effect on bacterial growth curve. It were notably that overexpression of AmiL and P30 inhibited and increase the production of pyocyanin, respectively (P0.05).ConclusionThe sRNA overexpression and deletion strains have been successfully constructed and can be used to study the regulatory relationship between sRNA and QS systems, and to further functional study.

Effects of fresh-cut on drying rate and quality of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of fresh-cut drying methods on the appearance and internal components of Panax notoginseng, and explore the feasibility of fresh-cut drying methods of P. notoginseng, so as to provide more effective processing methods for the production of P. notoginseng slices and Chinese patent medicines. In this study, we have compared the effects of 6 different drying methods on drying time, drying rate, density, appearance and internal components of P. notoginseng roots. It takes about 453 h to dry by whole-root drying in the sun, with a long constant speed period and a slow drying rate, the time of whole-root drying at 50 ℃ was shortened by 61.6% compared with whole-root drying in the sun, which resulted in the decrease of density and poor appearance of the medicinal material with hollow and crack appeared in the xylem, while the drying time of fresh-cut drying method was reduced by 61.82% to 91.58% and the drying rate increased greatly, due to the relatively slow drying process in the sun or in the shade after fresh-cut, salting-out and whitening appeared on the surface, and the internal components were all decreased to some extent. The drying time of fresh-cut drying at 50 ℃ was 91.58% and 68.83% shorter than that of whole-root drying in the sun and at 50 ℃, respectively. When drying at 50 ℃ after fresh-cut, the appearance and content of internal components of the medicinal materials were better, the appearance was yellowish green, the cut sections were clear with uniform pore distribution, and the content of saponin components was increased by 7.24% compared with that of the whole-root drying at 50 ℃, When drying at 40 ℃, the surface of slices has salting-out and whitening spots, and the loss of dencichine and total sugar was large, but at 60 ℃, this high temperature made the rate of dehydration of slices was extremely fast, which led to severe cracking and fragmentation, and the loss of total sugar and alcohol extract was large. By vacuum freeze drying after fresh-cut, the structure of medicinal materials slices was loose, the density was greatly reduced, and the appearance was different from those recorded in traditional books. The contents of total saponin components and dencichine were increased by 16.51% and 22.54%, respectively, compared with traditional whole-root drying. The fresh-cut process method is feasible in the production of P. notoginseng slices. In production, it is recommended that drying at 50 ℃ after fresh-cut can make the medicinal materials better in appearance and content of internal components, which is convenient for the subsequent processing and industrial feeding extraction. For the purpose of internal contents, it is better to adopt freeze-drying after fresh-cut processing method.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprint and comparison of active ingredients between varieties of chrysanthemum in Hubei province / 中国中药杂志

In this paper,the fingerprint of different varieties of chrysanthemum were established with " Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica" and the content of chlorogenic acid,galuteolin and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in 29 batches of different varieties of chrysanthemum in Futianhe town,Huangtugang town and Wuhan city were compared. At the same time,similarity evaluation and common peak clustering analysis were carried out. There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprints of 29 batches of different varieties of chrysanthemum,and the similarity ranged from 0. 802 to 0. 975. Hangju and Gongju were divided into one group by cluster analysis,and Huangju into another category. The established fingerprint method provides a basis for the identification of chrysanthemum cultivars. The content of 29 batches of chlorogenic acid was between 4. 092 and 11. 723 mg·g-1,luteolin was between 1. 010 and 11. 713 mg·g-1,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was between 8. 828 and 33. 435 mg·g-1,both reach the pharmacopoeia standard,but the effective components of different varieties of chrysanthemum were quite different. Based on the contents of three active ingredients and the diversity of fingerprint peaks,the quality of the characteristic germplasm resource of local Fubaijuin Macheng is superior,and the protection of local characteristic germplasm resource should be strengthened in production.

Orthodonticorthognathic treatment stability in skeletal class III malocclusion patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate stability of skeletal hard tissues, dental hard tissues and soft tissues after orthodonticorthognathic treatment in a long term. This study reviewed longitudinal changes in orthodontic-orthognathic patients of skeletal class III malocculsion, using lateral cephalometric radiographs in 3-12 years after treatment in comparison to treatment finishing.@*METHODS@#Twenty-two patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion following orthodontic-orthognathic surgery in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2009 were observed. The lateral cephalometric radiographs of the following stages were collected: treatment finishing (T1), 3 to 12 years after treatment (T2). Statistical analyses of cephalometrics were evaluated. Paired student t test was performed by SPSS 17.0.@*RESULTS@#Data of all the 22 patients were studied in longitudinal timeline after treatment and 3-12 years after treatment. From T1 to T2, we evaluated 11-SN (angle between the upper incisors axis and SN plane), 11-NA angle (angle between the upper incisors axis and NA plane), 11-NA mm (perpendicular distance from upper incisors to NA plane), 11-41 (angle between the upper incisors axis and lower incisors axis), 41-NB angle (angle between lower incisors and NB plane), 41-NB (perpendicular distance from lower incisors to NB plane), 41-MP angle (angle between lower incisors and GoGn plane), and IMPA [angle between lower incisor and mandibular plane (tangent line to submandibular border)]. Most hard tissues of the teeth remained stable but upper anterior teeth angulations decreased, indicating by significantly reducing 11-SN (T1: 110.98°±6.77°; T2: 109.21°±5.80°; P=0.005); reducing 11-NA (T1: 28.31°±6.80°; T2: 26.49°±6.18°; P=0.002); increasing 11-41 (T1: 123.51°±8.14°; T2: 125.7°±10.01°; P=0.035). From T1 to T2, we also evaluated SNA (angle of sella-nasion-A-point), SNB (angle of sella-nasion-B-point), ANB (angle of A-point-nasion-B-point), GoGn-SN (angle between GoGn and SN plane), GoGn-FH (angle between GoGn and Frankfort plane), Y axis (angel between Sella-Gn and Frankfort plane), N-ANS (distance from nasion point to ANS point), ANS-Me (distance from ANS point to Menton point), N-Me (distance from nasion point to Menton point), ANS-Me/N-Me% (proportion of ANS-Me to N-Me), and FMA (angle between Frankfort and mandibular plane), Wits appraisal (horizontal distance between points A and B on functional occlusal plane). Skeletal hard tissues also remained relatively stable, only N-Me value changed significantly with a decreasing facial height (T1: 124.98°±11.98°; T2: 122.4°±11.05°; P=0.024). From T1 to T2, we finally evaluated FH-NsPg angle (angle between NsPg and Frankfort plane), H angle (angel between H line and NB), FH-A'UL angle (angle between A'UL and Frankfort plane), FH-B'LL angle (angle between B'LL and Frankfort plane), UL-LL (angle between UL and LL), UL-EP (distance between UL and E line), LL-EP (distance between LL and E line), Sn-H (perpendicular distance between Sn point and H line), Nls-H (distance of nose-lip-sulcus to H line), Li-H (lower lip to H line), Si-H (lower lip sulcus to H line), and NLA (nasolabial angle, angle of Cm-Sn-UL-point). Soft tissues changes were observed in decreasing UL-EP [T1: (-2.78±2.20) mm; (-3.29±2.44) mm; P=0.02] and H angle (T1: 8.27°±3.71°; 7.32°±3.83°; P=0.006). Other soft tissues remained relatively stable by retruding upper lip position and chin changes with no statistical significance.@*CONCLUSION@#Orthodontic-orthognathic treatment can improve esthetics and occlusal function in patients of skeletal class III malocclusion with a stable long-term outcome.

Effect of 4' -Hydroxywogonin on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of 4' -hydroxywogonin on proliferation and apoptosis of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia SUP-B15 and Jurkat cells, and to analyze its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SUP-B15 and Jurkat cells were cultivated in vitro and treated with different concentrations of 4' -hydroxywogonin, the inhibitory effect of 4' -hydroxywogonin on the proliferation of SUP-B15 and Jurkat cells was detected by CCK-8 method; the cell apoptosis was examined by the flow cytometry with Annexin V-APC/7-AAD donble staining; the expression of C-MYC, BCL-2 and cleaved caspase 3 in SUP-B15 and Jurkat cells were measured with Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4' -hydroxywogonin inhibited the proliferation of SUP-B15 and Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.78, r=0.89), with ICvalue of (6.32± 0.53) µg/ml in SUP-B15 cells and (12.04± 0.42) µg/ml in Jurkat cells at 24 h. The early apoptotic rate of cell was also enhanced with the increase of 4' -hydroxywogonin concentrations. The results of Western blot showed that 4' -hydroxywogonin could down-regulate the expression of proliferation-related molecule C-MYC(P<0.01) and apoptosis-related molecule BCL-2(P<0.01), the expression of apoptosis-related molecule cleaved caspase 3 was up-regulate(P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>4' -hydroxywogonin shows the effects of anti-tumor by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation, its molecular mechanism maybe relate with down-regulation of C-MYC and BCL-2 expression and up-regulation of the cleaved caspase 3 expression.</p>

Significance of serum IgG4 and CA19-9 in diagnosis and antidiastole of IgG4 related cholangitis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of autoantibodies and serum levels of IgG4 and CA19-9 in the diagnosis of IgG4 associated cholangitis (IgG4-SC).Methods:Detect the serum IgG4 and CA19-9 of 41 clinical cases of IgG4-SC patients,162 clinical cases of non IgG4-SC patients and 40 healthy human serum samples by immunoassay and direct chemiluminescence methods, also detect the antinuclear antibodies (ANA),anti neutrophil antibody (ANCA),anti smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and anti mitochondrial antibody (AMA) of the above serum samples by indirect immunofluorescence and analyze the detection results.Results:①The positive rates of ANA,ANCA,SMA and AMA in patients with IgG4-SC were 41.46%,7.32%,0 and 2.44%.Among them,the positive rate of ANA was significantly different from that of the normal control group(P<0.01),and the positive rate of SMA and AMA was significantly different from that of non IgG4-SC group(P<0.01),and so as the positive rate of ANCA do with that of PSC group.②The number of serum IgG4 and CA19-9 increased samples were significantly compared with the normal control group (P<0.01);the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.979 and 0.646,respectively,and P<0.05.Conclusion:The high level of serum IgG4 and CA19-9 and autoantibody detection are of great accuracy and important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of IgG4-SC.

Role of H1R, PAR-2/TRPV1 itch signal pathway on acute eczema and mechanism study of Portulaca extracts / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the influence of Portulaca extracts on H1R,PAR-2 and TRPV1 in skins of rats and the regulation mechanism of H1R,PAR-2/TRPV1 itch signal pathway with atopic eczema.Methods:30 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group and Porulaca group,each group contained 10 rats.In addition to the normal group,2,4-dinitrochloro-benzene was used on the rest of group for making rat model with atopic eczema.After the success of the model manufacture,each group was given corresponding drugs.After the last administration,EASI was evaluated.The levels of H1R,PAR-2 and TRPV1 in rats skins were detected by immunohistochemical method.Ca2+concentration was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Compared with normal control group,EASI(P<0.01),the levels of H1R(P<0.05) and PAR-2(P<0.01),and Ca2+concentration(P<0.01) of rats in model group were significantly increased.The levels of TRPV1 were not increased obviously (P>0.05).Compared with model group,EASI (P<0.01),the levels of H1R(P<0.01) and PAR-2(P<0.01),and Ca2+concentration(P<0.05) of rats in Porulaca group were sig-nificantly reduced,and the levels of TRPV1 were not decreased obviously(P>0.05).Conclusion:Purslane could reduce the levels of H1R,PAR-2 and Ca2+concentration to treat the acute eczema.The mechanism may be to lose the activation of downstream molecule TRPV1 and reduce the inflow of Ca2+by reducing the levels of upstream molecules H1R and PAR-2,then to achieve the effect of anti itch.

Anti-influenza Virus Activity of Jin Qiao Tablets in Vivo / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To study the antiviral effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo. Methods The mouse pneumonia model was established by nasal inhalation of 15 LD50 of influenza virus. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 5 d,mouse lung tissue was taken out and weighed. Viral load in lung tissue was measured by polymerse chain reaction(PCR),and the level of γ-interferon(γ-IFN)in rat serum and lung was detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)for evaluating the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on lung index, viral load and γ-IFN in rats. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 7 d,morbidity and mortality within 14 d of mice with pneumonia induced by nasal inhalation of 3 LD50 were observed to evaluate the action of Jin Qiao Tablets for protecting against death and prolonging life span. Results Jin Qiao Tablets markedly decreased the increased lung index,promoted the death-protection rate and life-prolongation rate, decreased viral load, raised the level of γ-IFN in mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Experimental results in vivo showed that Jin Qiao Tablets had better anti-influenza virus activity than Yinqiao Jiedu Tablets and Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, and the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was equivalent to that of Tamiflu. The prophylactic effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was stronger than the therapeutic effect, but there was no significant difference between them. Conclusion Jin Qiao Tablets have obvious effect against influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo.

Decreased phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase and protein kinase B contribute to the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation mediated by activation of Toll like receptor in human periodontal ligament stem cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Toll like receptors on the osteogenesis of human pe-riodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and probable molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#Real-time PCR and flow cytometry were applied to test the expression of TLRs in hPDLSCs and the positive cell percentage of TLR. hPDLSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 to 14 days with different TLR agonists at various concentrations . The effect of different TLR on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was evaluated by alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the phosphorylation levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), P38, AKT and expression of Runx2 an osteogenic related gene after treatment with TLR agonists, compared with the effect of inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) on Runx2 expression of hPDLSCs cultured in osteogenic medium.@*RESULTS@#Higher expressions of TLR1,3,4,6 were found in hPDLSCs through real-time PCR. Positive cell percentage of TLR was determined by flow cytometry and described as TLR1: 2.82%±0.68%; TLR2: 1.26%±0.09%; TLR3: 13.23%±2.05%; TLR4: 3.64%±0.79%; TLR6: 3.21%±1.64%, whose tendency was comparable to their mRNA expression in hPDLSCs. Most TLR ligands had no effect on the ALP staining, activity and mineralization of hPDLSCs at lower concentration except for 0.1 mg/L PolyI:C could induce the osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs. On the contrary, Higher concentration of TLR ligands (PolyI:C: 10 mg/L, LPS: 10 mg/L , Pam3CSK4: 1 mg/L, FSL-1: 50 μg/L) had obviously inhibitory effect on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Activation of TLR using higher concentration of TLR ligands could downregulate the phosphorylation levels of ERK, P38, JNK and AKT, and also reduced the expression of Runx2, compared with the untreated control. The inhibitors of MAPK (U0126, SP600125,SB203580) and inhibitor of AKT (perifosine) could also inhibit Runx2 expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Higher concentration of TLR ligands could inhibit osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. This inhibitory effect seemed to be related to decreased phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Lanthanum: A 90-day, Repeated Dose Study in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of lanthanum and to determine the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake (ADI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) testing guidelines, lanthanum nitrate was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 1.5, 6.0, 24.0, and 144.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day for 90 days, followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the 144.0 mg/kg BW per day and normal control groups. Outcome parameters were mortality, clinical symptoms, body and organ weights, serum chemistry, and food consumption, as well as ophthalmic, urinary, hematologic, and histopathologic indicators. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach was applied to estimate a point of departure for the hazard risk assessment of lanthanum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant decreases were found in the 144.0 mg/kg BW group in the growth index, including body weight, organ weights, and food consumption. This study suggests that the NOAEL of lanthanum nitrate is 24.0 mg/kg BW per day. Importantly, the 95% lower confidence value of the benchmark dose (BMDL) was estimated as 9.4 mg/kg BW per day in females and 19.3 mg/kg BW per day in males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present subchronic oral exposure toxicity study may provide scientific data for the risk assessment of lanthanum and other rare earth elements (REEs).</p>

Effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy on severe hand, foot and mouth disease: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) plus Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) by conducting a prospective, controlled, and randomized trial.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 451 pediatric patients with severe HFMD were randomly assigned to receive WM therapy alone (224 cases, WM therapy group) or CM [Reduning Injection ( ) or Xiyanping Injection ()] plus WM therapy (227 cases, CM plus WM therapy group) for 7-10 days, according to a web-based randomization system. The primary outcome was fever clearance time, which was presented as temperature decreased half-life time. The secondary outcomes included the rate of rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h, as well as the rate for cough, runny nose, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability, and vomiting clearance within 120 h. The drug-related adverse events were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The temperature decreased half-life time was 40.4 h in the WM therapy group, significantly longer than 27.2 h in the CM plus WM therapy group (P<0.01). Moreover, the rate for rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h was 43.6% (99/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 29.5% (66/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). In addition, the rate for cough, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability disappearance within 120 h was 32.6% (74/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 19.2% (43/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). No drug-related adverse events were observed during the course of the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined CM and WM therapy achieved a better therapeutic efficacy in treating severe HFMD than the WM therapy alone. Reduning or Xiyanping Injections may become an important complementary therapy to WM for relieving the symptoms of severe HFMD. (Registration No. NCT01145664).</p>

Expression of β-integrin family members in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of β-integrin family members in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed to assess the expression levels of β-integrin family members in bone marrow samples from 22 children with newly-diagnosed T-ALL and 21 controls (16 children with non-malignant hematologic disease and 5 healthy donors with bone marrow transplantation). Jurkat cells were treated with integrin inhibitor arginine-glycine-aspartate (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD) peptide. The cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA levels of integrins β, β, and βwere significantly lower in children with T-ALL than in controls (P<0.05). In T-ALL patients, high integrin βexpression was associated with lower white blood cell counts (<100×10/L), minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity, and day 33 bone marrow negative remission (P<0.05). In T-ALL patients, higher integrin βexpression was associated with relapse of T-ALL (P<0.05). Based on survival curve analysis, higher integrin βexpression was related to lower event-free survival and overall survival rates. RGD peptide treatment inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells and increased their apoptosis rate (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>β-Integrin may play a role in the occurrence and development of T-ALL by affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of integrin β5 is closely related to the risk of relapse of T-ALL. The expression of integrin β3 is closely related the treatment response and prognosis of T-ALL.</p>

Neoflavonoids and their pharmacological activities in Dalbergia genus / 中国中药杂志

Neoflavonoids are a kind of characteristic components in the Dalbergia genus. Based on the previous researches, 59 neoflavonoids have been obtained from the Dalbergia genus. According to their molecular skeleton, the neoflavonoids can be divided intodalbergiphenols, dalbergiones, dalbergins, benzophenones and other types. Modern research shows that neoflavonoids displayed a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-androgen, anti-allergic, antioxidation etc. This paper reviewed neoflavonoids and their pharmacological functions, which could provide the valuable reference for comprehensive utilization and new drug development in the Dalbergia genus.

PRPS1 Expression in Children with Acute Leukemia and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between the expression level of PRPS1 and the clinical characteristics in children with acute leukemia(AL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the level of PRPS1 mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow samples from 176 patients diagnosed as AL (126 cases were newly diagnosed and 50 cases in complete remission), and its relevance with clinical indicators was statistically analyzed. The bone marrow samples from 21 children with non-malignant hematological disease were used as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)In B-ALL group, the level of PRPS1 mRNA in newly diagnosed patients were significantly higher than that in control and than that in complete remission patients (both P<0.0001). In T-ALL and AML group, differences was only observed between newly diagnosed patients and complete remission patients(both P<0.0001); (2)In B-ALL group, the expression level of PRPS1 increase with along risk enhancement (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed in T-ALL (P>0.05). In AML patients, expression difference was shown between low risk group and high risk group(P<0.05); (3)High PRPS1 mRNA expression level were associated with high WBC counts and MRD positive in B-ALL patients (P=0.020, P=0.026, respectively); (4)Expression of NT5C2, an essential gene for relapse and drug resistance, was found to be positively correlated with PRPS1 expression in AL samples(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High expression of PRPS1 is relevant factor of unfavourable prognosis in B-ALL children, which suggest PRPS1 may be a new indicator for prognosis of pediatric B-ALL and an index to guide individualized chemotherapy.</p>